Saturday, December 10, 2011

Use of '!!' (double negation) in C programming

In some of the 'C' codes, I saw use of '!!' in expressions. I was just wondering about use of such a redundant operation (since '!!' negated the negation).
In one of the mails in LKML (Linux Kernel Mailing List), I came to know about its significance. The '!!' is used to convert an expression to authentic boolean value.

For example:

int a = 0xFF;
if (!!(a & 0x0F))
    //do something
else
    //do some other thing

Here (a & 0x0F) resolves to '0x0F' while !!(a & 0x0F) resolves to '1'.
That means use of '!!' results in authentic boolean value i.e. either '0' or '1'.

We can see the same kind of expressions in linux kernel code.

#define likely(exp) __builtin_expect(!!(exp), 1)
#define unlikely(exp) __builtin_expect(!!(exp), 0)

In the first case, the expression has to evaluate to any value other than '0' for likely condition to happen. However, may be to reduce side effects or maintain consistency, the precaution would have been taken and expression is converted to authentic boolean value.

It seems redundant for the unlikely condition though.

Please share if you have any alternate thoughts.

Tuesday, December 6, 2011

Setting up wireless router in opensuse linux 12.1 box

It is just continuation of what I scribbled sometimes back regarding 11.4. The steps and interfaces are still the same.

However there is good news. You need not add routes manually. Everything is automated now. Good work by SUSE team. I tried with openSUSE 12.1 x86_64. When the wlan interface comes up, the routes get automatically added with wireless router IP as default gateway. May be I feel it was bug in openSUSE 11.4 however everything is fine now.